The effectiveness of Neurofeedback as computerbased programs for children with Attention Deficient Hyperactivity Disorder

نوع المستند : المقالة الأصلية

المؤلفون

1 PhD in Education , Psychological Science Department Faculty of Education for Early Childhood , Alexandria University

2 Professor of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Medical Studies Department for Children, Faculty of Postgraduate Childhood Studies, Ain Shams University

3 PhD in childhood studies of special needs children Faculty of Postgraduate Childhood Studies, Ain Shams University

المستخلص

تهدف الى أثبات فعالية النيروفيدباک ( البرامج المستندة إلى الکمبيوتر ) کعلاج مساعد للأطفال ذوى اضطراب فرط الحرکة ونقص الأنتباة . ويعد اضطراب فرط الحرکة ونقص الأنتباة ، حالة تطورية من عدم الأنتباة والتشتت ، مع أو بدون فرط النشاط المصاحب،وهناک ثلاث أشکال أساسية من اضطراب فرط الحرکة ونقص الأنتباة الموصوفة فى الدليل التشخيصى والأحصائى (DSM-5) للجمعية الأمريکية للطب النفسى وهى إما عدم الأنتباة ، أو فرط الحرکة / الأندفاعية ، وإما يجمع ما بين فرط الحرکة ونقص الأنتباة. إن مسببات اضطراب فرط الحرکة ونقص الأنتباة غير معروفة ولکن يمکن تفسيرها إلى حد کبير على العوامل الوراثية ، والبيئية الوراثية ،کما إن الأباء والأمهات والأشقاء من الأطفال الذين يعانون فرط الحرکة ونقص الأنتباة هم اکثر عرضة للأصابة بالأضطراب بمعدل مرتين إلى ثمان اضعاف عن غيرهم، مما يشير إلى المساهمات الوراثية ، کما توجد فرضيات اخرى ترجع هذا الأضطراب إلى تعرض الرحم للمواد السامة ، أو المواد الصناعية ، أو التعرض للحساسية، ولکن النظام الغذائى والسکر ليس سببا من اسباب النشاط الزائد وتشتت الأنتباة. الدراسة الحالية عبارة عن دراسة تجريبية  أجريت على 10 أطفال  بمرکز رايت واي الطبى لذوى الأحتياجات الخاصة فى محافظة الأسکندرية بجمهورية مصر العربية  ، ومن خلال التقييم النفسى الموحد تم تشخيصهم على أنهم ADHD وفقا DSM – V وتم تقسيم العينة النى شملتهم الدراسة  إلى مجموعتين رئيسيتين : 5 أطفال ADHD يخضعون لجلسات النيروفيدباک کمجموعة تجريبية ، و5 أطفال يخضعون لجلسات العلاج السلوکى کمجموعة ضابطة . وأکدت النتائج أنه تم أعطاء أطفال المجموعة التجريبية (5) أطفال من ذوى فرط الحرکة ونقص الأنتباة  (12) جلسة من جلسات النيروفيدباک  وتم تطبيق أختبار کونرز  - قبل / وبعد الجلسات حيث أظهرت قيمة  p = 0.98مع عدم وجود دلالة أحصائية. وتم أعطاء أطفال المجموعة الضابطة  (5) أطفال من ذوى فرط الحرکة و نقص الأنتباة (12) جلسة من جلسات العلاج السلوکى  حيث کانت قيمة p = 0.98 مع عدم وجود دلالة أحصائية. وتم قياس موجات ثيتا / بيتا لأطفال المجموعة التجريبية (5) أطفال قبل / بعد تطبيق جلسات النيروفيدباک بواقع (12) جلسة حيث کانت قيمة p =0.97 مع عدم وجود دلالة أحصائية.

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